The circulating metabolome of human starvation.

Abstract

The human adaptive starvation response allows for survival during long-term caloric deprivation. Whether the physiology of starvation is adaptive or maladaptive is context dependent: activation of pathways by caloric restriction may promote longevity, yet in the context of caloric excess, the same pathways may contribute to obesity. Here, we performed plasma metabolite profiling of longitudinally collected samples during a 10-day, 0-calorie fast in humans. We identify classical milestones in adaptive starvation, including the early consumption of gluconeogenic amino acids and the subsequent surge in plasma nonesterified fatty acids that marks the shift from carbohydrate to lipid metabolism, and demonstrate findings, including (a) the preferential release of unsaturated fatty acids and an associated shift in plasma lipid species with high degrees of unsaturation and (b) evidence that acute, starvation-mediated hypoleptinemia may be a driver of the transition from glucose to lipid metabolism in humans.

• Authors: Matthew L Steinhauser, Benjamin A Olenchock, John O'Keefe, Mingyue Lun, Kerry A Pierce, Hang Lee, Lorena Pantano, Anne Klibanski, Gerald I Shulman, Clary B Clish, Pouneh K Fazeli
• Journal: JCI insight (JCI Insight) Vol. 3 Issue 16 (08 23 2018) ISSN: 2379-3708 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 30135314 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Observational Study, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
• LEP protein, human
• Leptin
• Glucose

Topics

• Adaptation, Physiological
• Adult
• Blood Glucose (analysis)
• Caloric Restriction
• Carbohydrate Metabolism (physiology)
• Fasting (blood)
• Fatty Acids, Unsaturated (blood, metabolism)
• Female
• Glucose (metabolism)
• Healthy Volunteers
• Humans
• Leptin (blood)
• Lipid Metabolism (physiology)
• Longitudinal Studies
• Male
• Metabolome (physiology)
• Metabolomics
• Middle Aged
• Starvation (blood, metabolism)
• Young Adult