The Influence of Maternal Obesity and Breastfeeding on Infant Appetite- and Growth-Related Hormone Concentrations: The SKOT Cohort Studies.

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIMS:

Exposure to obesity during pregnancy may lead to adverse changes in the offspring's metabolic profile. We compared appetite- and growth-related hormones in a cohort of infants born to obese mothers (SKOT-II) with infants born mainly to nonobese mothers (SKOT-I).

METHODS:

Infants from SKOT-I (n = 273) and SKOT-II (n = 132) were examined including anthropometric measurements and blood samples analyzed for glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), adiponectin, and leptin. Information on breastfeeding and parental characteristics were also collected.

RESULTS:

At 9 months of age, SKOT-II infants were 3.6% heavier and 1.2% longer than SKOT-I infants even though their mothers were shorter. There was no difference in body mass index (BMI). SKOT-II infants had higher levels of insulin, adiponectin, and leptin but lower levels of IGF-I compared to SKOT-I infants (all p ≤ 0.015). These differences remained, except for leptin, when adjusted for current weight. Breastfeeding versus nonbreastfeeding at 9 months was associated with lower concentrations of all hormones (all p ≤ 0.003). In adjusted models, maternal BMI at 9 months was positively associated with insulin and adiponectin and negatively with IGF-I.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pre-pregnancy obesity confers symmetrically larger infant body size and higher levels of most growth- and appetite-related hormones but surprisingly lower levels of IGF-I, suggesting other possible infant growth-promoting effects through insulin.

• Authors: Anni Larnkjær, Ken K Ong, Emma M Carlsen, Katrine T Ejlerskov, Christian Mølgaard, Kim F Michaelsen
• Journal: Hormone research in paediatrics (Horm Res Paediatr) Vol. 90 Issue 1 Pg. 28-38 ( 2018) ISSN: 1663-2826 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 29961064 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Observational Study)
• Copyright: © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Chemical References

• ADIPOQ protein, human
• Adiponectin
• LEP protein, human
• Leptin
• Insulin-Like Growth Factor I

Topics

• Adiponectin (blood)
• Adult
• Appetite
• Body Size
• Breast Feeding
• Female
• Humans
• Infant
• Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (metabolism)
• Leptin (blood)
• Male
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Pregnancy Complications