Intratesticular and incisional line infiltration with ropivacaine for castration in medetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam sedated dogs.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate whether intratesticular and incisional ropivacaine infiltration produces sufficient intra- and postoperative analgesia for castrating dogs under sedation.

STUDY DESIGN:

Randomized, blinded, controlled clinical study.

ANIMALS:

Twenty-three healthy dogs weighing 5.8-35.6 kg admitted for castration.

METHODS:

Dogs were sedated with medetomidine (0.01 mg kg-1), butorphanol (0.2 mg kg-1) and midazolam (0.2 mg kg-1) intramuscularly, and were randomly assigned to group R, 0.2-0.4 mL kg-1 of ropivacaine 0.5%, or group S, an equivalent volume of saline injected intratesticularly and along the incision line. If persistent motion was observed during surgery, sedation was considered to be insufficient and general anaesthesia was induced. Carprofen 2.2 mg kg-1 was administered postoperatively. Pain was evaluated in all dogs before sedation and postoperatively following atipamezole administration at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours using an interactive visual analogue scale (IVAS; 0-100), the Glasgow composite pain scale-short form (CMPS-SF; 0-24), and a mechanical algometer. Methadone 0.3 mg kg-1 was administered intravenously to dogs if IVAS >30 or CMPS-SF >4.

RESULTS:

There was no significant difference between groups for the number of dogs administered general anaesthesia. The time from the beginning of surgery to induction of general anaesthesia was significantly shorter [median (range)] in group S [6 (3-25) minutes] than in group R [56 (36-76) minutes]. At 8 hours IVAS was significantly higher in group S (14 ± 10) than in group R (6 ± 4).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:

Intratesticular and incisional ropivacaine infiltration delayed the time to anaesthesia induction, and provided analgesia after castration performed under deep sedation in dogs. Intratesticular local anaesthesia can be an important part of the anaesthetic plan for castration.

• Authors: Yishai Kushnir, Noa Toledano, Liat Cohen, Tali Bdolah-Abram, Yael Shilo-Benjamini
• Journal: Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia (Vet Anaesth Analg) Vol. 44 Issue 2 Pg. 346-355 (Mar 2017) ISSN: 1467-2995 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 28495454 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2017 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Adjuvants, Anesthesia
• Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists
• Amides
• Hypnotics and Sedatives
• Imidazoles
• atipamezole
• Ropivacaine
• Medetomidine
• Butorphanol
• Midazolam

Topics

• Adjuvants, Anesthesia (administration & dosage)
• Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists (administration & dosage)
• Amides (administration & dosage)
• Analgesia (methods, veterinary)
• Anesthesia, General (methods, veterinary)
• Animals
• Butorphanol (administration & dosage)
• Dogs
• Hypnotics and Sedatives (administration & dosage)
• Imidazoles (administration & dosage)
• Male
• Medetomidine (administration & dosage)
• Midazolam (administration & dosage)
• Orchiectomy (methods, veterinary)
• Ropivacaine
• Testis
• Time Factors