Aloesin from Aloe vera accelerates skin wound healing by modulating MAPK/Rho and Smad signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process involving various regulatory factors at the molecular level. Aloe vera is widely used for cell rejuvenation, wound healing, and skin moisturizing.

HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of aloesin from Aloe vera on cutaneous wound healing and mechanisms involved therein.

STUDY DESIGN:

This study consisted of both in vitro and in vivo experiments involving skin cell lines and mouse model to demonstrate the wound healing effects of aloesin by taking into account several parameters ranging from cultured cell migration to wound healing in mice.

METHODS:

The activities of Smad signaling molecules (Smad2 and Smad3), MAPKs (ERK and JNK), and migration-related proteins (Cdc42, Rac1, and α-Pak) were assessed after aloesin treatment in cultured cells (1, 5 and 10µM) and mouse skin (0.1% and 0.5%). We also monitored macrophage recruitment, secretion of cytokines and growth factors, tissue development, and angiogenesis after aloesin treatment using IHC analysis and ELISAs.

RESULTS:

Aloesin increased cell migration via phosphorylation of Cdc42 and Rac1. Aloesin positively regulated the release of cytokines and growth factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β1 and TNF-α) from macrophages (RAW264.7) and enhanced angiogenesis in endothelial cells (HUVECs). Aloesin treatment accelerated wound closure rates in hairless mice by inducing angiogenesis, collagen deposition and granulation tissue formation. More importantly, aloesin treatment resulted in the activation of Smad and MAPK signaling proteins that are key players in cell migration, angiogenesis and tissue development.

CONCLUSION:

Aloesin ameliorates each phase of the wound healing process including inflammation, proliferation and remodeling through MAPK/Rho and Smad signaling pathways. These findings indicate that aloesin has the therapeutic potential for treating cutaneous wounds.

• Authors: Hussain Mustatab Wahedi, Minsun Jeong, Jae Kyoung Chae, Seon Gil Do, Hyeokjun Yoon, Sun Yeou Kim
• Journal: Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology (Phytomedicine) Vol. 28 Pg. 19-26 (May 15 2017) ISSN: 1618-095X [Electronic] Germany
• PMID: 28478809 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Chromones
• Cytokines
• Glucosides
• RAC1 protein, human
• Smad Proteins
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
• Collagen
• rac1 GTP-Binding Protein
• aloesin

Topics

• Aloe (chemistry)
• Animals
• Cell Movement (drug effects)
• Cells, Cultured
• Chromones (pharmacology)
• Collagen (metabolism)
• Cytokines (metabolism)
• Glucosides (pharmacology)
• Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (drug effects)
• MAP Kinase Signaling System (drug effects)
• Macrophages (drug effects, metabolism)
• Mice, Hairless
• Phosphorylation (drug effects)
• Signal Transduction (drug effects)
• Skin (drug effects, metabolism, pathology)
• Smad Proteins (metabolism)
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (metabolism)
• Wound Healing (drug effects)
• rac1 GTP-Binding Protein (metabolism)