Abstract | STUDY DESIGN: OBJECTIVE: SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: rhBMP-2 is commonly used in clinical practice to augment spinal fusion. However, complications such as postoperative leg pain, and a higher rate of postoperative neurologic deficits have been reported. These may be attributable to the exposure of adjacent nerve roots to high doses of rhBMP-2. METHODS: Eighteen rats were randomized into three groups as follows: Group 1: absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) + 10 μg rhBMP-2, Group 2: ACS + 1 μg rhBMP-2, and Group 3 ACS with 20 μL saline. The ACS containing rhBMP-2 or saline were then wrapped around the L5 nerve root and secured loosely with nonabsorbable sutures. At 1-week postoperation, the rats were sacrificed, and the L5 nerve root and dorsal root ganglion harvested for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), histology and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: In our study, 10 μg rhBMP-2 induced a 10-fold increase in seroma compared with 1 μg group. Using RT-PCR, macrophage markers MIP3-α, and CD-68 were upregulated by 8- and 2-fold respectively in comparison with the saline group. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images demonstrated disruption of nerve structures in the high dose 10 μg rhBMP-2, but not at 1 μg rhBMP-2 and with saline. CONCLUSION: High doses of rhBMP-2 induced neuroinflammation in a dose dependent manner, resulting in higher seroma volume, macrophage marker gene expressions, and higher proportions of immunohistochemically stained TNF-alpha and more macrophage infiltration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.
|
Authors | Zi Qiang Glen Liau, Raymond Wing Moon Lam, Tao Hu, Hee-Kit Wong |
Journal | Spine
(Spine (Phila Pa 1976))
Vol. 42
Issue 16
Pg. E933-E938
(Aug 15 2017)
ISSN: 1528-1159 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 27997503
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
|
Chemical References |
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
- Recombinant Proteins
- Transforming Growth Factor beta
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
- recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2
|
Topics |
- Animals
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
(pharmacology)
- Disease Models, Animal
- Inflammation
(drug therapy, pathology)
- Lumbar Vertebrae
(drug effects, surgery)
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Recombinant Proteins
(pharmacology)
- Spinal Fusion
(methods)
- Spinal Nerves
(drug effects, pathology)
- Transforming Growth Factor beta
(pharmacology)
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
(metabolism)
|