Neuroinvasion and Inflammation in Viral Central Nervous System Infections.

Abstract

Neurotropic viruses can cause devastating central nervous system (CNS) infections, especially in young children and the elderly. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) have been described as relevant sites of entry for specific viruses as well as for leukocytes, which are recruited during the proinflammatory response in the course of CNS infection. In this review, we illustrate examples of established brain barrier models, in which the specific reaction patterns of different viral families can be analyzed. Furthermore, we highlight the pathogen specific array of cytokines and chemokines involved in immunological responses in viral CNS infections. We discuss in detail the link between specific cytokines and chemokines and leukocyte migration profiles. The thorough understanding of the complex and interrelated inflammatory mechanisms as well as identifying universal mediators promoting CNS inflammation is essential for the development of new diagnostic and treatment strategies.

• Authors: Tobias Dahm, Henriette Rudolph, Christian Schwerk, Horst Schroten, Tobias Tenenbaum
• Journal: Mediators of inflammation (Mediators Inflamm) Vol. 2016 Pg. 8562805 ( 2016) ISSN: 1466-1861 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 27313404 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Chemokines
• Cytokines

Topics

• Animals
• Blood-Brain Barrier
• Cell Movement
• Central Nervous System Infections (pathology, virology)
• Chemokines (metabolism)
• Cytokines (metabolism)
• Flaviviridae (pathogenicity)
• Herpesviridae (pathogenicity)
• Humans
• Inflammation
• Leukocytes (cytology, virology)
• Paramyxoviridae (pathogenicity)
• Picornaviridae (pathogenicity)
• Retroviridae (pathogenicity)
• Togaviridae (pathogenicity)
• Virus Diseases (pathology)
• Viruses (pathogenicity)