Titanium has been widely used in the orthopedic and dental fields, however, the inert nature of Ti makes it unsuitable for application in promoting bone cell growth,osteogenic differentiation and antibacterial ability. The aims of the current study were to investigate the antimicrobial activity and biofunction of the
polypeptide antibiotic bacitracin, and obtain a multi-biofunctional
titanium implant by covalently-immobilizing
titanium with the
bacitracin. The results showed that the
bacitracin possessed low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to both Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with the non-cytotoxicity concentration up to 500μg/mL to human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), furthermore, the
bacitracin could improve the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. The results of Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that
bacitracin had been covalently immobilized on the surface of
titanium. Immobilized
bacitracin could improve the hydrophilic of immobilized
titanium. The results of antimicrobial assay demonstrated that the covalently-immobilized
bacitracin also had excellent antimicrobial property, and the
bacitracin immobilized
titanium could inhibit bacterial adhesion and colonization. The results of cell biology experiments proved that the
bacitracin immobilized
titanium could improve hBMSCs' adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. We also found that the macrophages were difficult to spread or activate on the surface of
bacitracin immobilized
titanium, and the secretion of inflammatory factors had been inhibited. In conclusion, the novel
bacitracin immobilized
titanium has multi-biofunctions including outstanding antibacterial properties, excellent cell biology performance, and restraining
inflammation, which has exciting application prospect.