Malondialdehyde induces autophagy dysfunction and VEGF secretion in the retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration.

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in developed countries and is closely related to oxidative stress, which leads to lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a major byproduct of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation. Increased levels of MDA have been reported in eyes of AMD patients. However, little is known about the direct relationship between MDA and AMD. Here we show the biological importance of MDA in AMD pathogenesis. We first confirmed that MDA levels were significantly increased in eyes of AMD patients. In ARPE-19 cells, a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, MDA treatment induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression alternation, cell junction disruption, and autophagy dysfunction that was also observed in eyes of AMD patients. The MDA-induced VEGF increase was inhibited by autophagy-lysosomal inhibitors. Intravitreal MDA injection in mice increased laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (laser-CNV) volumes. In a mouse model fed a high-linoleic acid diet for 3 months, we found a significant increase in MDA levels, autophagic activity, and laser-CNV volumes. Our study revealed an important role of MDA, which acts not only as a marker but also as a causative factor of AMD pathogenesis-related autophagy dysfunction. Furthermore, higher dietary intake of linoleic acid promoted CNV progression in mice with increased MDA levels.

• Authors: Fuxiang Ye, Hiroki Kaneko, Yumi Hayashi, Kei Takayama, Shiang-Jyi Hwang, Yuji Nishizawa, Reona Kimoto, Yosuke Nagasaka, Taichi Tsunekawa, Toshiyuki Matsuura, Tsutomu Yasukawa, Takaaki Kondo, Hiroko Terasaki
• Journal: Free radical biology & medicine (Free Radic Biol Med) Vol. 94 Pg. 121-34 (05 2016) ISSN: 1873-4596 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 26923802 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
• VEGFA protein, human
• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
• Malondialdehyde

Topics

• Animals
• Autophagy (drug effects)
• Choroidal Neovascularization (metabolism, physiopathology)
• Fatty Acids, Unsaturated (metabolism)
• Gene Expression Regulation (drug effects)
• Humans
• Lipid Peroxidation (drug effects)
• Macular Degeneration (metabolism, physiopathology)
• Malondialdehyde (administration & dosage, metabolism)
• Mice
• Oxidative Stress (drug effects)
• Patients
• Retinal Pigment Epithelium (metabolism, pathology)
• Swine
• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (genetics, metabolism)