Mechanistic hypotheses suggest that
vitamin D and the closely related
parathyroid hormone (PTH) may be involved in prostate
carcinogenesis. However, epidemiological evidence is lacking for PTH and inconsistent for
vitamin D. Our objectives were to prospectively investigate the association between
vitamin D status,
vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms, PTH and
prostate cancer risk. A total of 129 cases diagnosed within the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants cohort were included in a nested case-control study and matched to 167 controls (13 years of follow-up).
25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(
OH)D) and PTH concentrations were assessed from baseline plasma samples. Conditional logistic regression models were computed. Higher 25(
OH)D concentration was associated with decreased risk of
prostate cancer (ORQ4 v. Q1 0·30; 95 % CI 0·12, 0·77; P trend=0·007). PTH concentration was not associated with
prostate cancer risk (P trend=0·4) neither did the studied
vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms. In this prospective study,
prostate cancer risk was inversely associated with 25(
OH)D concentration but not with PTH concentration. These results bring a new contribution to the understanding of the relationship between
vitamin D and
prostate cancer, which deserves further investigation.