Early diagnosis and effective
cancer therapy are required, to properly treat
cancer, which causes more than 8.2 million deaths in a year worldwide. Among various
cancer treatments, nanoparticle-based
cancer therapies and molecular imaging techniques have been widely exploited over the past decades to overcome current drawbacks of existing
cancer treatments. In particular,
gold nanoparticles (AuNPs),
carbon nanotubes (CNTs),
graphene oxide (GO), and upconversion nanocrystals (UNCs) have attracted tremendous attention from researchers due to their near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive behaviors. These nanomaterials are considered new multifunctional platforms for
cancer theranostics. They would enable on-demand control of drug release or molecular imaging in response to a remote trigger by NIR light exposure. This approach allows the patient or physician to adjust
therapy precisely to a target site, thus greatly improving the efficacy of
cancer treatments, while reducing undesirable side effects. In this review, we have summarized the advantages of NIR light-responsive nanomaterials for in vivo
cancer treatments, which includes NIR triggered
photothermal therapy (PTT) and
photodynamic therapy (
PDT). Furthermore, recent developments, perspectives, and new challenges of NIR light-responsive nanomaterials are discussed for
cancer theranostic applications.