Pancreatic ductal
adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by aggressive growth, early
metastasis and high resistance to
chemotherapy.
Salinomycin is a promising compound eliminating cancer stem cells and retarding
cancer cell migration. The present study investigated the effectiveness of
salinomycin against PDAC in vivo and elucidated the mechanism of PDAC growth inhibition.
Salinomycin treatment was well tolerated by the mice and significantly reduced
tumor growth after 19 days compared to the control group (each n = 16). There was a trend that
salinomycin also impeded metastatic spread to the liver and peritoneum. Whereas
salinomycin moderately induced apoptosis and retarded proliferation at 5-10 µM, it strongly inhibited
cancer cell migration that was accompanied by a marked loss of actin stress fibers after 6-9 h.
Salinomycin silenced RhoA activity, and loss of stress fibers could be reversed by Rho activation. Moreover,
salinomycin dislocated
fascin from filopodia and stimulated Rac-associated circular dorsal ruffle formation. In conclusion,
salinomycin is an effective and promising compound against PDAC. Besides its known stem cell-specific cytotoxic effects,
salinomycin blocks
cancer cell migration by disrupting stress fiber integrity and affecting the mutual
Rho-GTPase balance.