Tumor necrosis factor superfamily in innate immunity and inflammation.

Abstract

The tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) and its corresponding receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) form communication pathways required for developmental, homeostatic, and stimulus-responsive processes in vivo. Although this receptor-ligand system operates between many different cell types and organ systems, many of these proteins play specific roles in immune system function. The TNFSF and TNFRSF proteins lymphotoxins, LIGHT (homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator [HVEM], a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes), lymphotoxin-β receptor (LT-βR), and HVEM are used by embryonic and adult innate lymphocytes to promote the development and homeostasis of lymphoid organs. Lymphotoxin-expressing innate-acting B cells construct microenvironments in lymphoid organs that restrict pathogen spread and initiate interferon defenses. Recent results illustrate how the communication networks formed among these cytokines and the coreceptors B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and CD160 both inhibit and activate innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), innate γδ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Understanding the role of TNFSF/TNFRSF and interacting proteins in innate cells will likely reveal avenues for future therapeutics for human disease.

• Authors: John Šedý, Vasileios Bekiaris, Carl F Ware
• Journal: Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology (Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol) Vol. 7 Issue 4 Pg. a016279 (Dec 18 2014) ISSN: 1943-0264 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25524549 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Antigens, CD
• BTLA protein, human
• CD160 protein, human
• GPI-Linked Proteins
• Lymphotoxin alpha1, beta2 Heterotrimer
• Receptors, Immunologic
• Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
• Tumor Necrosis Factors

Topics

• Animals
• Antigens, CD (metabolism)
• GPI-Linked Proteins (metabolism)
• Homeostasis
• Humans
• Immunity, Innate
• Inflammation (immunology, metabolism)
• Lymphocytes (metabolism)
• Lymphotoxin alpha1, beta2 Heterotrimer (metabolism)
• Receptors, Immunologic (metabolism)
• Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor (metabolism)
• Tumor Necrosis Factors (metabolism)