Infant HIV type 1 gp120 vaccination elicits robust and durable anti-V1V2 immunoglobulin G responses and only rare envelope-specific immunoglobulin A responses.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Infant responses to vaccines can be impeded by maternal antibodies and immune system immaturity. It is therefore unclear whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccination would elicit similar responses in adults and infants.

METHOD:

HIV-1 Env-specific antibody responses were evaluated in 2 completed pediatric vaccine trials. In the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) 230 protocol, infants were vaccinated with 4 doses of Chiron rgp120 with MF59 (n=48), VaxGen rgp120 with aluminum hydroxide (alum; n=49), or placebo (n=19) between 0 and 20 weeks of age. In PACTG 326, infants received 4 doses of ALVAC-HIV-1/AIDSVAX B/B with alum (n=9) or placebo (n=13) between 0 and 12 weeks of age.

RESULTS:

By 52 weeks of age, the majority of maternally acquired antibodies had waned and vaccine Env-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in vaccinees were higher than in placebo recipients. Chiron vaccine recipients had higher and more-durable IgG responses than VaxGen vaccine recipients or ALVAC/AIDSVAX vaccinees, with vaccine-elicited IgG responses still detectable in 56% of recipients at 2 years of age. Remarkably, at peak immunogenicity, the concentration of anti-V1V2 IgG, a response associated with a reduced risk of HIV-1 acquisition in the RV144 adult vaccine trial, was 22-fold higher in Chiron vaccine recipients, compared with RV144 vaccinees.

CONCLUSION:

As exemplified by the Chiron vaccine regimen, vaccination of infants against HIV-1 can induce robust, durable Env-specific IgG responses, including anti-V1V2 IgG.

• Authors: Genevieve G Fouda, Coleen K Cunningham, Elizabeth J McFarland, William Borkowsky, Petronella Muresan, Justin Pollara, Lin Ye Song, Brooke E Liebl, Kaylan Whitaker, Xiaoying Shen, Nathan A Vandergrift, R Glenn Overman, Nicole L Yates, M Anthony Moody, Carrie Fry, Jerome H Kim, Nelson L Michael, Merlin Robb, Punnee Pitisuttithum, Jaranit Kaewkungwal, Sorachai Nitayaphan, Supachai Rerks-Ngarm, Hua-Xin Liao, Barton F Haynes, David C Montefiori, Guido Ferrari, Georgia D Tomaras, Sallie R Permar
• Journal: The Journal of infectious diseases (J Infect Dis) Vol. 211 Issue 4 Pg. 508-17 (Feb 15 2015) ISSN: 1537-6613 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25170104 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Phase I, Clinical Trial, Phase II, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.)
• Copyright: © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].

Chemical References

• AIDS Vaccines
• HIV Antibodies
• HIV Envelope Protein gp120
• Immunoglobulin A
• Immunoglobulin G

Topics

• AIDS Vaccines (administration & dosage, immunology)
• HIV Antibodies (blood, immunology)
• HIV Envelope Protein gp120 (immunology)
• HIV Infections (prevention & control)
• HIV-1 (immunology)
• Humans
• Immunoglobulin A (blood, immunology)
• Immunoglobulin G (blood, immunology)
• Infant
• Infant, Newborn
• Retrospective Studies