Abstract |
The objectives of our study were to examine 1) the proportion of responders and nonresponders to exercise training in terms of vascular function; 2) a priori factors related to exercise training-induced changes in conduit artery function, and 3) the contribution of traditional cardiovascular risk factors to exercise-induced changes in artery function. We pooled data from our laboratories involving 182 subjects who underwent supervised, large-muscle group, endurance-type exercise training interventions with pre-/posttraining measures of flow-mediated dilation (FMD%) to assess artery function. All studies adopted an identical FMD protocol (5-min ischemia, distal cuff inflation), contemporary echo-Doppler methodology, and observer-independent automated analysis. Linear regression analysis was used to identify factors contributing to changes in FMD%. We found that cardiopulmonary fitness improved, and weight, body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased after training, while FMD% increased in 76% of subjects (P < 0.001). Training-induced increase in FMD% was predicted by lower body weight (β = -0.212), lower baseline FMD% (β = -0.469), lower training frequency (β = -0.256), and longer training duration (β = 0.367) (combined: P < 0.001, r = 0.63). With the exception of a modest correlation with total cholesterol (r = -0.243, P < 0.01), changes in traditional cardiovascular risk factors were not significantly related to changes in FMD% (P > 0.05). In conclusion, we found that, while some subjects do not demonstrate increases following exercise training, improvement in FMD% is present in those with lower pretraining body weight and endothelial function. Moreover, exercise training-induced change in FMD% did not correlate with changes in traditional cardiovascular risk factors, indicating that some cardioprotective effects of exercise training are independent of improvement in risk factors.
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Authors | Daniel J Green, Thijs Eijsvogels, Yvette M Bouts, Andrew J Maiorana, Louise H Naylor, Ralph R Scholten, Marc E A Spaanderman, Christopher J A Pugh, Victoria S Sprung, Tim Schreuder, Helen Jones, Tim Cable, Maria T E Hopman, Dick H J Thijssen |
Journal | Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
(J Appl Physiol (1985))
Vol. 117
Issue 4
Pg. 345-52
(Aug 15 2014)
ISSN: 1522-1601 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 24947027
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2014 the American Physiological Society. |
Chemical References |
- Vasodilator Agents
- Cholesterol
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Topics |
- Adult
- Aged
- Arterial Pressure
(physiology)
- Arteries
(diagnostic imaging, physiopathology)
- Body Mass Index
- Cardiovascular Diseases
(physiopathology)
- Cholesterol
(blood)
- Exercise
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Physical Education and Training
- Physical Endurance
- Physical Fitness
- Risk Factors
- Ultrasonography
- Vasodilation
(physiology)
- Vasodilator Agents
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