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Natural course of LGI1 encephalitis: 3-5 years of follow-up without immunotherapy.

Abstract
Antibodies against LGI1 (leucin-rich glioma-inactivated 1 protein) are associated with limbic encephalitis (LE), which is characterized by a favorable outcome following immunotherapy. Here, we present two cases, where antibodies against LGI1 were detected in the sera 36 and 53 months after acute LE, respectively, and none of the patients received immunotherapy. LE showed characteristics of LGI1 encephalitis in both cases, including low sodium content in the sera; disorientation, hallucination, short-term memory loss; and epileptic seizures. One patient had faciobrachial tonic seizures. MRI indicated bilateral inflammation of the hippocampus in one case. We reviewed longitudinal clinical and MRI data covering 53 and 36 months after LE without immunotherapy, respectively. Both patients became seizure-free and spontaneously recovered with mild/moderate cognitive impairment. No relapses have been observed. Follow-up brain MRI indicated early hippocampal sclerosis and global brain atrophy in one case characterized by more pronounced cognitive deficit. Memory and verbal fluency were affected most during the natural course of LGI1 encephalitis. LGI1 encephalitis had a monophasic course and spontaneously improved, suggesting that a relatively benign natural course may contribute to the favorable outcome observed after immunotherapy. Our data also indicate that LGI1 antibodies can be present in the sera without clinical disease activity.
AuthorsMonika Szots, Annamaria Marton, Ferenc Kover, Tunde Kiss, Timea Berki, Ferenc Nagy, Zsolt Illes
JournalJournal of the neurological sciences (J Neurol Sci) Vol. 343 Issue 1-2 Pg. 198-202 (Aug 15 2014) ISSN: 1878-5883 [Electronic] Netherlands
PMID24928080 (Publication Type: Case Reports, Journal Article)
CopyrightCopyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Chemical References
  • Antibodies
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • LGI1 protein, human
  • Proteins
Topics
  • Antibodies (blood)
  • Brain (pathology)
  • Humans
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Limbic Encephalitis (blood, pathology, therapy)
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Proteins (immunology)
  • Time Factors

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