Abstract | BACKGROUND: Advances in sunscreen technologies have yielded broad spectrum sunscreens at high-sun protection factor (SPF) and ultraviolet A protection factor (UVA-PF) levels that are photostable and powerful in protecting skin from erythema. Questions arise whether these sunscreens protect proportionally against cellular skin damage caused by high ultraviolet exposures. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate if high-SPF sunscreen can protect skin at a cellular level under UV exposure doses [>50 minimal erythema dose (MED)] similarly to the SPF value. METHODS: RESULTS: All the markers showed significantly more damage for the 3 MED-untreated sites when compared with non-irradiated control, and majority of the markers showed marked damage following unprotected 1 MED exposure. After 55 MEDs, sunscreen-protected sites showed significantly less p53 and MMP-9 (keratinocyte) staining than the 1 MED-exposed unprotected sites, while all the other biomarkers in sunscreen protected sites showed no statistical differences from 1 MED-exposed unprotected sites. CONCLUSIONS: A high-SPF photostable sunscreen with high UVA-PF can provide proportionately high protection against multiple cellular damage markers.
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Authors | Curtis Cole, Yohini Appa, Hao Ou-Yang |
Journal | Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine
(Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed)
Vol. 30
Issue 4
Pg. 212-9
(Aug 2014)
ISSN: 1600-0781 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 24806442
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
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Copyright | © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
Chemical References |
- Biomarkers
- Pyrimidine Dimers
- Sunscreening Agents
- TP53 protein, human
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
- MMP9 protein, human
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
- MMP1 protein, human
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
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Topics |
- Adult
- Biomarkers
(metabolism)
- Erythema
(metabolism, pathology, prevention & control)
- Female
- Humans
- Langerhans Cells
(metabolism, pathology)
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
(metabolism)
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
(metabolism)
- Middle Aged
- Pyrimidine Dimers
(metabolism)
- Skin
(metabolism, pathology)
- Sun Protection Factor
- Sunscreening Agents
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
(metabolism)
- Ultraviolet Rays
(adverse effects)
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