Abstract | BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic literature suggests that exposure to air pollutants is associated with fetal development. OBJECTIVES: METHODS: Mothers from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a nine-state case-control study, were assigned 1-week and 7-week averages of daily maximum concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and sulfur dioxide and 24-hr measurements of fine and coarse particulate matter using the closest air monitor within 50 km to their residence during early pregnancy. Depending on the pollutant, a maximum of 4,632 live-birth controls and 3,328 live-birth, fetal-death, or electively terminated cases had exposure data. Hierarchical regression models, adjusted for maternal demographics and tobacco and alcohol use, were constructed. Principal component analysis was used to assess these relationships in a multipollutant context. RESULTS: CONCLUSIONS: Using daily maximum pollutant levels and exploring individual exposure-weeks revealed some positive associations between certain pollutants and defects and suggested potential windows of susceptibility during pregnancy.
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Authors | Jeanette A Stingone, Thomas J Luben, Julie L Daniels, Montserrat Fuentes, David B Richardson, Arthur S Aylsworth, Amy H Herring, Marlene Anderka, Lorenzo Botto, Adolfo Correa, Suzanne M Gilboa, Peter H Langlois, Bridget Mosley, Gary M Shaw, Csaba Siffel, Andrew F Olshan, National Birth Defects Prevention Study |
Journal | Environmental health perspectives
(Environ Health Perspect)
Vol. 122
Issue 8
Pg. 863-72
(Aug 2014)
ISSN: 1552-9924 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 24727555
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)
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Chemical References |
- Air Pollutants
- Particulate Matter
- Sulfur Dioxide
- Ozone
- Nitrogen Dioxide
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Topics |
- Air Pollutants
- Female
- Heart Defects, Congenital
(epidemiology, etiology)
- Humans
- Maternal Exposure
(adverse effects)
- Nitrogen Dioxide
(toxicity)
- Ozone
(toxicity)
- Particulate Matter
(toxicity)
- Pregnancy
- Sulfur Dioxide
(toxicity)
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