Secondary solid cancers after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation using busulfan-cyclophosphamide conditioning.

Abstract

Risks of secondary solid cancers among allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients who receive conditioning without total body irradiation are not well known. We evaluated the incidence and risk factors for solid cancers after HCT using high-dose busulfan-cyclophosphamide conditioning in 4318 recipients of first allogeneic HCT for acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission (N = 1742) and chronic myeloid leukemia in first chronic phase (N = 2576). Our cohort represented 22 041 person-years at risk. Sixty-six solid cancers were reported at a median of 6 years after HCT. The cumulative-incidence of solid cancers at 5 and 10 years after HCT was 0.6% and 1.2% among acute myeloid leukemia and 0.9% and 2.4% among chronic myeloid leukemia patients. In comparison to general population incidence rates, HCT recipients had 1.4× higher than expected rate of invasive solid cancers (95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.79, P = .01). Significantly elevated risks were observed for tumors of the oral cavity, esophagus, lung, soft tissue, and brain. Chronic graft-versus-host disease was an independent risk factor for all solid cancers, and especially cancers of the oral cavity. Recipients of allogeneic HCT using busulfan-cyclophosphamide conditioning are at risk for developing solid cancers. Their incidence continues to increase with time, and lifelong cancer surveillance is warranted in this population.

• Authors: Navneet S Majhail, Ruta Brazauskas, J Douglas Rizzo, Ronald M Sobecks, Zhiwei Wang, Mary M Horowitz, Brian Bolwell, John R Wingard, Gerard Socie
• Journal: Blood (Blood) Vol. 117 Issue 1 Pg. 316-22 (Jan 06 2011) ISSN: 1528-0020 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 20926773 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)

Chemical References

• Cyclophosphamide
• Busulfan

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols (adverse effects)
• Busulfan (administration & dosage)
• Child
• Cohort Studies
• Cyclophosphamide (administration & dosage)
• Female
• Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
• Humans
• Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive (complications, pathology, therapy)
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute (complications, pathology, therapy)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasms, Second Primary (etiology, pathology, therapy)
• Remission Induction
• Retrospective Studies
• Risk Factors
• Survival Rate
• Transplantation Conditioning
• Transplantation, Homologous
• Treatment Outcome
• Young Adult