The thyroid gland is a rare site of clinically detectable
tumor metastasis and kidneys are frequently the site of the parent
malignancy. In the present review on thyroid
metastases from
renal cell carcinoma, cases were searched on PubMed by entering the strings: "
renal carcinoma [or "
hypernephroma"] AND thyroid
metastasis/
metastases". Thus, we retrieved a total of 111 cases that were published between 1964 and 2007, a total that became 113 by adding two patients observed by us. The female to male ratio was 1.35:1. The primary
renal cancer was almost always unilateral (90%) (with no significant side preference) and only rarely bilateral (9% in men, 4% in women), whereas bilaterality of thyroid
metastases was relatively more frequent (28%). Thyroid
metastasis from
renal cancer was commonly single with a unique node that appears solid and hypoechoic at ultrasonography, approximately 9 years after
nephrectomy. Concordance of lateralization was insignificantly greater for the right kidney/right thyroid lobe pattern (54%) than for the left kidney/left thyroid lobe pattern (40%), regardless of gender. Finally, survival was longer for women. Thyroid
metastases, even if rare in the clinical practice, must be considered in the differential diagnosis of a
thyroid nodule, particularly in patients who have a history of
malignancies.