Abstract |
Human liver peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that converts glyoxylate into glycine. AGT deficiency causes primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1), a rare autosomal recessive disorder, due to a marked increase in hepatic oxalate production. Normal human AGT exists as two polymorphic variants: the major (AGT-Ma) and the minor (AGT-Mi) allele. AGT-Mi causes the PH1 disease only when combined with some mutations. In this study, the molecular basis of the synergism between AGT-Mi and F152I mutation has been investigated through a detailed biochemical characterization of AGT-Mi and the Phe(152) variants combined either with the major (F152I-Ma, F152A-Ma) or the minor allele (F152I-Mi). Although these species show spectral features, kinetic parameters, and PLP binding affinity similar to those of AGT-Ma, the Phe(152) variants exhibit the following differences with respect to AGT-Ma and AGT-Mi: (i) pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) is released during the overall transamination leading to the conversion into apoenzymes, and (ii) the PMP binding affinity is at least 200-1400-fold lower. Thus, Phe(152) is not an essential residue for transaminase activity, but plays a role in selectively stabilizing the AGT-PMP complex, by a proper orientation of Trp(108), as suggested by bioinformatic analysis. These data, together with the finding that apoF152I-Mi is the only species that at physiological temperature undergoes a time-dependent inactivation and concomitant aggregation, shed light on the molecular defects resulting from the association of the F152I mutation with AGT-Mi, and allow to speculate on the responsiveness to pyridoxine therapy of PH1 patients carrying this mutation.
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Authors | Barbara Cellini, Riccardo Montioli, Alessandro Paiardini, Antonio Lorenzetto, Carla Borri Voltattorni |
Journal | The Journal of biological chemistry
(J Biol Chem)
Vol. 284
Issue 13
Pg. 8349-58
(Mar 27 2009)
ISSN: 0021-9258 [Print] United States |
PMID | 19155213
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Glyoxylates
- Oxalates
- Transaminases
- Alanine-glyoxylate transaminase
- glyoxylic acid
- Glycine
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Topics |
- Alleles
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn
(enzymology, genetics)
- Glycine
(genetics, metabolism)
- Glyoxylates
(metabolism)
- Humans
- Hyperoxaluria
(enzymology, genetics)
- Liver
(enzymology)
- Mutation, Missense
- Oxalates
(metabolism)
- Peroxisomes
(enzymology)
- Transaminases
(deficiency, genetics, metabolism)
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