The synthesis and
carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity of two series of aromatic
sulfonamides and their Cu(II) derivatives, incorporating
metal-complexing moieties of the
DTPA,
DOTA, and TETA type are reported. The new compounds were designed in such a way as to possess high affinity for Cu(II)
ions, exploiting four pendant carboxylate moieties in the
DTPA derivatives, as well as the
cyclen/
cyclam macrocyles, and three pendant
acetate moieties in the
DOTA and TETA derivatives. The new derivatives showed modest inhibition of the cytosolic
isoform CA I (K(I) values in the range of 66-2130 nM), were better CA II inhibitors (K(I) values in the range of 21-360 nM), and excellent inhibitors of the
tumor-associated
isoform CA IX (K(I) values in the range of 4.1-110 nM), with selectivity ratios for the inhibition of the
tumor (CA IX) over the cytosolic (CA II)
isozyme in the range of 10.74-20.88 for the best derivatives.
Copper complexes were more inhibitory than the corresponding
ligand sulfonamides, and showed membrane impermeability, thus, having the possibility to specifically target the transmembrane CA IX that has an extracellular active site. Incorporation of radioactive
copper isotopes in this type of CA inhibitor may lead to interesting diagnostic/therapeutic applications for such compounds.