Growth hormone (GH) is a
polypeptide hormone, secreted by somatotropic cells of the anterior part of the hypophysis. Its application in
therapy, first limited to GH deficient children, has now been widened to various other clinical conditions, not necessarily related to short stature. Clinical trials conducted in recent years have proved the safety of its administration in both children and adults. The efficacy of this form of
therapy varies, according to different authors, from enthusiastic data to very critical opinions. For many pediatric diseases, such as GH deficiency or
Turner syndrome, GH is regarded by many experts, despite the high costs of the
therapy, as the first-line treatment. Mounting evidence suggests that GH is safe and effective also in children with
chronic renal failure and
cystic fibrosis. Recently, it has also been administered to adults with GH deficiency and
short bowel syndrome. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current data on GH administration in modern
pharmacotherapy. In this paper we have included the results of the recently published studies and discussed not commonly known indications for GH
therapy, as well as its experimental administration in both children and adults.