hMena (ENAH), an actin regulatory
protein involved in the control of cell motility and adhesion, is modulated during human breast
carcinogenesis. In fact, whereas undetectable in normal mammary epithelium, hMena becomes overexpressed in high-risk benign lesions and primary and metastatic
tumors. In vivo, hMena overexpression correlates with the HER-2(+)/ER(-)/Ki67(+) unfavorable prognostic phenotype. In vitro,
neuregulin-1 up-regulates whereas
Herceptin treatment down-modulates hMena expression, suggesting that it may couple
tyrosine kinase receptor signaling to the actin cytoskeleton. Herein, we report the cloning of hMena and of a splice variant, hMena(+11a), which contains an additional exon corresponding to 21
amino acids located in the EVH2 domain, from a
breast carcinoma cell line of epithelial phenotype. Whereas hMena overexpression consistently characterizes the transformed phenotype of
tumor cells of different lineages, hMena(+11a)
isoform is concomitantly present only in epithelial tumor cell lines. In
breast cancer cell lines,
epidermal growth factor (
EGF) treatment promotes concomitant up-regulation of hMena and hMena(+11a), resulting in an increase of the fraction of phosphorylated hMena(+11a)
isoform only. hMena(+11a) overexpression and phosphorylation leads to increased p42/44
mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and cell proliferation as evidenced in hMena(+11a)-transfected
breast cancer cell lines. On the contrary, hMena knockdown induces reduction of p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation and of the proliferative response to
EGF. The present data provide new insight into the relevance of actin cytoskeleton regulatory
proteins and, in particular, of hMena
isoforms in coupling multiple signaling pathways involved in
breast cancer.