The aims of this study are to investigate the optimal
antigens used to induce acute or chronic EAN and the associated cell-mediated immune mechanisms. Lewis rats were grouped into EAN rats and control rats. EAN rats were immunized by injection into both hind footpads of inoculums containing 100 microg/200 microg of
P2 peptide 57-81 and FCA, or 200 mug of P0
peptide 180-199 and FCA. Control rats were immunized by FCA. Clinical scores were compared at the maximum of disease. On the 14th day after immunization, we examined lymphocyte proliferation, fractions of CD4+ T cells within lymph node mononuclear cells (MNC), frequencies of CD4+CD25+ T cells within CD4+ T cells, supernatant productions of IFN-gamma,
IL-4,
IL-10 and
TGF-beta1 secreted by lymphocytes. Histopathology of sciatic nerves was assessed. Our findings indicated: (1) 100 microg of
P2 peptide 57-81 and 200 microg of P0
peptide 180-199 may induce an acute EAN and 200 microg of
P2 peptide 57-81 may induce a chronic EAN; (2) Lewis rats were more sensitive to
P2 peptide 57-81 than P0
peptide 180-199; (3) clinical disease had nothing to do with a change of relative CD4+ T cells number in lymph node MNC; (4) frequencies of CD4+CD25+ T cells and levels of
TGF-beta1 secreted by lymphocytes negatively paralleled clinical EAN, while levels of IFN-gamma secreted by lymphocytes roughly paralleled clinical EAN at the acute phase; (5) sciatic nerve sections from the chronic EAN rats didn't show any inflammatory cells, but showed remaining segmental
demyelination and axonal collapse at the chronic phase; (6) self-limitation of acute EAN may owe to the rising levels of
IL-4 and
IL-10, while a longer duration of chronic EAN may owe to the decreasing levels of
IL-4 and
IL-10.