Different effects of propranolol, phenylephrine, and saline volume loading on catecholamine-induced left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in acute coronary syndrome.

Abstract

Hemodynamic deterioration due to left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction can occur during catecholamine infusion in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The purpose of the present study was to compare the utility of propranolol, phenylephrine infusion, and rapid saline loading for reversal of dobutamine-induced LVOT obstruction in a canine model of ACS. ACS was induced via left anterior descending artery ligation in 21 open-chest anesthetized dogs, and LVOT obstruction, defined as an LVOT gradient > 30 mmHg, was induced by dobutamine infusion (20 to 40 microg/kg/min). Subsequently, the effects of propranolol infusion (0.7 to 1.0 microg/kg/min, n = 8), phenylephrine infusion (10 to 200 microg/kg/min, n = 7), and saline loading (200 to 400 mL/hr, n = 6) were assessed by serial hemodynamic measurements. All interventions produced significant and comparable improvements in the LVOT pressure gradient (propranolol: 60 +/- 16 to 15 +/- 12; phenylephrine: 68 +/- 15 to 12 +/- 10; saline loading: 58 +/- 18 to 22 +/- 10 mmHg; P < 0.001 for baseline versus postintervention; P = NS for comparison between interventions). Phenylephrine produced the greatest elevation in aortic pressure (propranolol: +15 +/- 13; phenylephrine: +51 +/- 36; saline loading: +15 +/- 15 mmHg; P < 0.05), while saline loading produced the greatest increase in cardiac output (propranolol: +0.05 +/- 0.12; phenylephrine: +0.28 +/- 0.37; saline loading: +0.73 +/- 0.48 L/min; P < 0.05). Propranolol was the only intervention that produced a significant decrease in diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (16 +/- 5 to 11 +/- 3 mmHg, P < 0.05). Propranolol, phenylephrine infusion, and saline volume loading were similarly effective in reversing dobutamine-induced LVOT obstruction in this canine model of ACS. However, each intervention produced different hemodynamic effects with potentially different clinical indications.

• Authors: Ichiro Ohba, Yutaka Otsuji, Kensaburo Shiki, Shuichi Hamasaki, Shinichi Minagoe, Chuwa Tei
• Journal: International heart journal (Int Heart J) Vol. 47 Issue 2 Pg. 287-95 (Mar 2006) ISSN: 1349-2365 [Print] Japan
• PMID: 16607055 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
• Phenylephrine
• Dobutamine
• Sodium Chloride
• Propranolol

Topics

• Adrenergic beta-Antagonists (pharmacology)
• Angina, Unstable (complications)
• Animals
• Coronary Artery Disease (complications)
• Dobutamine
• Dogs
• Hemodynamics (drug effects)
• Phenylephrine (pharmacology)
• Propranolol (pharmacology)
• Sodium Chloride (pharmacology)
• Ventricular Outflow Obstruction (chemically induced, physiopathology)