An objective was to determine the frequency of
GM-CSF secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with active
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their relation to other
cytokine secreting PBMC, activation markers on lymphocytes/monocytes, clinical manifestations and
anti-dsDNA antibodies. A second objective was to further investigate the influence of immunoadsorption (IA)
therapy on these parameters. The number of
GM-CSF,
interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta),
IL-6,
interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) or tumour
necrosis factor-alpha (
TNF-alpha) secreting PBMC was assessed by ELISPOT assay in 10 patients with active SLE. Further, the expression of activation markers on lymphocytes and monocytes was determined by flow cytometry. Three courses of IA were performed in the patients. Seventeen healthy, age- and sex-matched volunteers served as controls.
GM-CSF secreting PBMC were significantly increased whereas INF-gamma secreting cells were decreased in SLE patients. The expression of CD71 (
transferrin receptor) on CD4+ T-cells and of the costimulatory molecule CD86 on B-lymphocytes was significantly increased in SLE patients.
GM-CSF secreting PBMC and CD4+/CD71+ T-cells correlated with
anti-dsDNA antibody titres and decreased towards levels of controls during IA. Disease activity and
anti-dsDNA autoantibody titres were significantly reduced after the treatment. Our results demonstrate significant alterations of cellular and humoral immunity in SLE patients. The impaired immunity can be modulated by IA. Thus IA may prove an immunomodulatory therapeutic option in addition to the mere depletion of
anti-dsDNA autoantibodies.