Resident intestinal bacteria likely play an important role in the pathogenesis of
Crohn's disease through their interaction with the gut immune system. SAMP1/YitFc mice spontaneously develop chronic, discontinuous, transmural
ileitis with many features similar to
Crohn's disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effects and elucidate the mechanisms of action of
antibiotic treatment in the SAMP1/YitFc mouse model of
ileitis. Mice were treated orally with
ciprofloxacin and
metronidazole before the development of
ileitis (prevention protocol) or after
ileitis was fully established (treatment protocol). Terminal ilea were harvested for histological scoring, and lamina propria and mesenteric lymph node cells were isolated for analysis of activation markers and
cytokine production.
Antibiotic therapy significantly decreased the severity of
ileitis both in the prevention (40% reduction, p < 0.05) and the treatment (25% reduction, p < 0.01) protocols, compared with untreated, control mice. These effects were associated with a decreased percentage of CD4(+)/CD45RB(high) lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes of
antibiotic-treated mice, as well as decreased production of IFN-gamma (prevention: 0.53 +/- 0.21 vs 1.84 +/- 0.04 ng/ml, p < 0.05; treatment: 8.4 +/- 0.4 vs 12.4 +/- 0.7 ng/ml, p < 0.005) and TNF (prevention: 61.5 +/- 13 vs 134 +/- 19 pg/ml, p < 0.01; treatment: 333.5 +/- 11 vs 496 +/- 20 pg/ml, p < 0.001). The number of activated lamina propria lymphocytes was also reduced after
antibiotic treatment. In conclusion,
antibiotic therapy significantly ameliorates the severity of
ileitis in SAMP1/YitFc mice by a mechanism involving down-regulation of activated gut lymphocytes and inhibition of intestinal Th1
cytokine production.