Body Integrity Identity Disorder

Condition in which individuals desire the amputation of one or more healthy limbs or who desire a paralysis.

Also Known As:

Amputee Identity Disorders; Apotemnophilias; Body Integrity Disorders; Disorder, Body Integrity; Disorders, Amputee Identity; Disorders, Body Integrity; Foreign Limb Syndromes; Integrity Disorder, Body; Integrity Disorders, Body; Limb Syndrome, Foreign; Limb Syndromes, Foreign; Xenomelias; Amputee Identity Disorder; Apotemnophilia; BIID; Body Integrity Disorder; Foreign Limb Syndrome; Xenomelia

Networked: 52 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 0 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Mental Disorders: 25040
- Somatoform Disorders: 397
  - Body Integrity Identity Disorder: 52

Related Diseases

1.	Body Integrity Identity Disorder
2.	Paralysis (Palsy)
3.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
4.	Complex Regional Pain Syndromes
5.	Transvestism (Transvestic Fetishism)

Experts

1.	Blom, Rianne M: 8 articles (04/2021 - 01/2012)
2.	Brugger, Peter: 7 articles (01/2017 - 03/2012)
3.	Denys, Damiaan: 7 articles (01/2017 - 01/2012)
4.	Hänggi, Jürgen: 5 articles (01/2018 - 01/2013)
5.	Gibson, Richard B: 3 articles (12/2022 - 03/2020)
6.	van der Wal, Sija J: 3 articles (01/2017 - 01/2016)
7.	Dijkerman, H Chris: 2 articles (04/2021 - 01/2019)
8.	Keizer, Anouk: 2 articles (04/2021 - 01/2019)
9.	Stone, Kayla D: 2 articles (04/2021 - 01/2019)
10.	Fortney, Thomas A: 2 articles (01/2021 - 01/2020)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Body Integrity Identity Disorder:

1.	7,7'- dimethoxy- (4,4'- bi- 1,3- benzodioxole)- 5,5'- dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (BDD)IBA 01/01/2011 - "BIID is not BDD--comment on Kwok-Kwan Chan et al." 06/01/2010 - "This article provides a focused review of issues pertaining to BDD that are relevant to DSM-V. The review presents a number of options and preliminary recommendations to be considered for DSM-V: (1) Criterion A may benefit from some rewording, without changing its focus or meaning; (2) There are both advantages and disadvantages to adding a new criterion to reflect compulsive BDD behaviors; this possible addition requires further consideration; (3) A clinical significance criterion seems necessary for BDD to differentiate it from normal appearance concerns; (4) BDD and eating disorders have some overlapping features and need to be differentiated; some minor changes to DSM-IV's criterion C are suggested; (5) BDD should not be broadened to include body integrity identity disorder (apotemnophilia) or olfactory reference syndrome; (6) There is no compelling evidence for including diagnostic features or subtypes that are specific to gender-related, age-related, or cultural manifestations of BDD; (7) Adding muscle dysmorphia as a specifier may have clinical utility; and (8) The ICD-10 criteria for hypochondriacal disorder are not suitable for BDD, and there is no empirical evidence that BDD and hypochondriasis are the same disorder. "
2.	DemecolcineIBA 03/01/1987 - "The nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of Chinese hamster chromosomes (clone 237, cell line BIId-ii-FAF28) were studied in mononuclear cells and polykaryocytes induced with colcemid. "
3.	Protect-ItIBA 04/01/2021 - "Although the leg feels foreign in BIID, it still seems to maintain a PPS, presumably to protect it and facilitate interactions within the surrounding environment."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Surgical Amputation (Amputations) 01/01/2012 - "Surgery is found helpful in all subjects who underwent amputation and those subjects score significantly lower on a disability scale than BIID subjects without body modification. " 01/01/2012 - "Amputation of the healthy body part appears to result in remission of BIID and an impressive improvement of quality of life. " 04/01/2024 - "This case highlights the potential efficacy and patient satisfaction associated with elective amputation in specific BIID presentations, shedding light on the unique challenges faced by affected individuals and emphasizing the importance of understanding, support, and inclusive healthcare practices." 04/01/2024 - "In select cases of body integrity identity disorder or body integrity dysphoria where noninvasive treatments prove ineffective and the patient's distress is substantial, elective amputation may serve as a viable and highly satisfying intervention, aligning the individual's physical self with their perceived identity. " 12/23/2022 - "It concludes that the practice of healthy limb amputation in cases of Body Integrity Identity Disorder is not only compatible with the goal of medicine but is potentially the only method of achieving this goal in the face of a complex and often mischaracterized disorder."
2.	Replantation 10/01/2023 - "Two patients with replantable extremities declined replantation, both of whom had body integrity identity disorder. " 01/01/2021 - "Self-Inflicted Hand Amputation without Replantation in a Patient with Body Integrity Identity Disorder: A Case Report." 10/01/2023 - "Surgeons should not consider psychiatric decompensation a contraindication to replantation and should be aware of patients with body integrity identity disorder who consciously may elect to undergo revision amputation. "
3.	Tourniquets 05/01/2003 - "After investigations failed to reveal a cause, he was found to have placed tourniquets on his legs because of a rare obsession with limb amputation known as apotemnophilia. "
4.	Therapeutics 01/01/2006 - "Investigation of the syndrome of apotemnophilia and course of a cognitive-behavioural therapy."
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2021 - "Many ethicists support elective amputation as a definitive treatment, because of potential harm reduction and because BIID does not respond to conservative modalities such as pharmacotherapy."