2,5-Hexanedione (2,5-HD) exposure in the rat produces irreversible testicular
atrophy, a model of human
male infertility that can be used for mechanistic and therapeutic studies. Following testicular injury by 2,5-HD,
stem cell factor (SCF), a Sertoli cell-derived
growth factor that binds the
c-kit receptor on spermatogonia, is altered in its expression, changing from predominantly membrane SCF to predominantly soluble SCF. The goals of this study were 2-fold: first, evaluate
leuprolide, a
GnRH agonist, as a
therapy for 2,5-HD-induced testicular
atrophy, and second, examine changes in SCF expression during testicular injury and following recovery from injury. Rats exposed to 2,5-HD showed a nearly complete testicular
atrophy that could be reversed by
leuprolide therapy. Using RT-PCR, preferential expression of membrane SCF was associated with spermatogenesis, whereas soluble SCF expression was associated with
atrophy. In conclusion, 2,5-HD exposure altered the form of SCF expressed and disrupted spermatogenesis;
leuprolide therapy allowed recovery of spermatogenesis, which correlated with a normalization in
growth factor expression in an otherwise irreversibly atrophic testis.