The prevalence and concentration of
IgG antibodies to defined Plasmodium falciparum
antigens were assessed in serum samples of 97 children with
cerebral malaria and 146 children with uncomplicated
malaria. The
antigens used included the schizont extract, ring-infected erythrocyte
surface antigen, the C-terminal region of merozoite surface antigen-1 (MSA-1) (BVp42), and three
recombinant proteins of MSA-2 (FC27, 3D7, and d3D7). Parasite isolates from 24 children with
cerebral malaria and 22 children with uncomplicated
malaria were genotyped for
MSA-1 and MSA-2. The distribution of parasite genotypes belonging to the different allelic families was similar in both the cerebral and uncomplicated
malaria groups. There were higher antibody levels to
antigens derived from the infecting parasite genotype than to heterologous genotypes, but this difference was only statistically significant for antibody against the d3D7
antigen among children infected with the 3D7 parasite genotype (mean log = 4.72 versus 3.45 antibody units [AU]; P = 0.029). Those who died were more likely to be infected with the FC27 genotype and had lower antibody levels to MSA-2 of the 3D7 type than had
cerebral malaria patients who survived (mean log = 2.94 versus 3.79 AU; P = 0.049).
Antibodies against parasites of the 3D7 genotype are associated with a better prognosis among children with
cerebral malaria partly because these children are more likely to be infected with parasites of this genotype rather than the FC27 genotype, which appears to be more virulent.