Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 tat enhances interleukin-2 promoter activity through synergism with phorbol ester and calcium-mediated activation of the NF-AT cis-regulatory motif.

Abstract	Interference with T cell activation signals by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene products is suggested to contribute to the impairment of immune functions observed in AIDS. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and HIV share common stimulatory signals triggered during T cell activation. The role of HIV tat, which is the main enhancing factor for viral LTR, in the regulation of IL-2 gene transcription has been studied following transient expression of the tat gene in phorbol ester and calcium ionophore-activated Jurkat cells transfected with IL-2 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter constructs. We observed that tat increased the IL-2 promoter transcriptional activity in response to phorbol ester and ionomycin. This tat-dependent synergism mapped to the (-279 to -263 bp) NFAT motif of the IL-2 enhancer, which was sufficient to be transactivated by tat. Our data suggest that tat links T cell activating signals to the shared IL-2 and HIV regulation. This may play a role in the early phase of HIV infection.
Authors	A Vacca, M Farina, M Maroder, E Alesse, I Screpanti, L Frati, A Gulino
Journal	Biochemical and biophysical research communications (Biochem Biophys Res Commun) Vol. 205 Issue 1 Pg. 467-74 (Nov 30 1994) ISSN: 0006-291X [Print] United States
PMID	7999066 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	DNA-Binding Proteins Gene Products, tat Interleukin-2 NFATC Transcription Factors NFATC3 protein, human NFATC4 protein, human Nuclear Proteins Transcription Factors tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate Calcium
Topics	Calcium (pharmacology) Cell Line DNA-Binding Proteins (genetics, metabolism) Enhancer Elements, Genetic Gene Products, tat (physiology) HIV-1 (genetics) Humans Interleukin-2 (genetics) NFATC Transcription Factors Nuclear Proteins Promoter Regions, Genetic Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate (pharmacology) Transcription Factors (genetics, metabolism) Transcription, Genetic Up-Regulation tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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