Abstract |
To evaluate the efficacy of primary chemoprophylaxis in preventing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in infants with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection during the first year of life, we conducted a retrospective chart review of infants with human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection born at New York University Medical Center-Bellevue Hospital Center, in New York. Between March 1989 and March 1993, 24 infants received primary chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the first year of life and 24 infants did not receive primary prophylaxis. The CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in the two groups did not differ during the first year of life. The median age at the time of initiation of prophylaxis was 3 months, and the average duration of prophylaxis was 5.5 months. Among the infants who had not received prophylaxis, five cases of PCP were diagnosed at a median age of 5 months; in contrast, no cases of PCP were observed in the infants receiving prophylaxis (log-rank test, p = 0.017). The probability of surviving after 1 year of age was 92% for the children who received prophylaxis and 74% for those who did not (log-rank test, p = 0.035). These data indicate that chemoprophylaxis is highly effective in preventing primary PCP and improving survival time in infants with human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection.
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Authors | M Rigaud, H Pollack, E Leibovitz, M Kim, D Persaud, A Kaul, R Lawrence, D D John, W Borkowsky, K Krasinski |
Journal | The Journal of pediatrics
(J Pediatr)
Vol. 125
Issue 3
Pg. 476-80
(Sep 1994)
ISSN: 0022-3476 [Print] United States |
PMID | 7915306
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)
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Chemical References |
- Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
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Topics |
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
(drug therapy, prevention & control)
- Age Factors
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
(pathology)
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- HIV Infections
(congenital)
- HIV-1
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Leukocyte Count
- Male
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
(drug therapy, prevention & control)
- Probability
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
(therapeutic use)
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