Isochloremic hypertonic solutions for severe hemorrhage.

Abstract	Two different hypertonic (2400 mOsm/L) isochloremic dextran solutions (sodium acetate, HAD; and sodium lactate, HLD; in 0.9% NaCl + 6% dextran 70) were compared with HSD (2400 mOsm/L NaCl + 6% dextran 70) as initial treatment for severe uninterrupted arterial bleeding. The substitution of dextran 70 for lactated Ringer's solution as the maintenance isotonic infusion fluid was also analyzed. Experiments were performed in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. A recently developed model, pressure-driven hemorrhage (PDH), which mimics uninterrupted arterial bleeding, was employed. It was found that (1) the substitution of dextran 70 for lactated Ringer's as isotonic fluid makes no difference in hemodynamic terms; (2) isochloremic hypertonic solutions are similar in their hemodynamic resuscitative effect, representing an improvement over hypertonic NaCl in terms of cardiac output, O2 delivery and O2 consumption; (3) HAD proved superior to HLD in terms of O2 consumption and correction of pH/base excess.
Authors	M Rocha e Silva, G A Braga, R Prist, I T Velasco, E S Grança
Journal	The Journal of trauma (J Trauma) Vol. 35 Issue 2 Pg. 200-5 (Aug 1993) ISSN: 0022-5282 [Print] United States
PMID	7689115 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article)
Chemical References	Acetates Blood Proteins Chlorides Dextrans Drug Combinations Hypertonic Solutions Isotonic Solutions Lactates Ringer's Lactate Saline Solution, Hypertonic Lactic Acid Sodium Acetic Acid
Topics	Acetates (pharmacology, therapeutic use) Acetic Acid Animals Blood Gas Analysis Blood Proteins (analysis) Blood Volume Chlorides (blood) Dextrans (pharmacology, therapeutic use) Disease Models, Animal Dogs Drug Combinations Drug Evaluation, Preclinical Hematocrit Hemodynamics (drug effects) Hemorrhage (blood, drug therapy, physiopathology) Hypertonic Solutions Infusions, Intravenous Isotonic Solutions (pharmacology, therapeutic use) Lactates (pharmacology, therapeutic use) Lactic Acid Male Oxygen Consumption (drug effects) Resuscitation (methods) Ringer's Lactate Saline Solution, Hypertonic (pharmacology, therapeutic use) Severity of Illness Index Sodium (blood)

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