1. Commonly used
loop diuretics produce side effects in man which are similar to chemically induced
myotonia. These
diuretics have structural affinity with known myotonic agents. 2. We have observed EMG
myotonia in vivo in leg muscles of rats treated with intravenous
frusemide. 3. In the presence of several different
diuretics, rat isolated diaphragm, soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles as well as frog sartorius muscles produce typically myotonic contractions with relaxation times up to several seconds. 4. Intracellular recording of action potentials from
diuretic-treated muscles reveals long lasting after-discharges following a brief electrical stimulus, again typical of chemically induced
myotonia. 5. Having demonstrated a myotonic action of several
diuretics we suggest a need for caution in using these drugs in persons with hereditary
myotonia and a need to be aware of possible provocation of
myotonia in subclinical cases.
Myopathies and neuropathies which are known to result from chronic exposure to myotonic agents also need to be considered. 6. In our study, the
diuretic,
acetazolamide, unmasked subthreshold
myotonia. This seems to be at variance with reports of its usefulness in the treatment of
myotonia. 7.
Diuretics should probably not be employed in the treatment of
herbicide intoxication where their myotonic activity would be expected to add to the known myotonic activity of the
herbicide.