Male F344/NCr rats, 6 wk old, were fed 500 ppm of
phenobarbital (PB) or equimolar doses of either
5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin (EPH) or
5,5-diethylhydantoin (EEH) in diet for 2 wk and hepatic
cytochrome P-450-mediated alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylase and
aminopyrine N-demethylase activities were determined. Both PB and EPH greatly increased P-450-mediated
enzyme activities in rat liver while EEH was ineffective. To evaluate the
hydantoins as
tumor promoters, 5-wk-old male F344 rats were given a single i.p. injection of 75 mg
N-nitrosodiethylamine/kg
body weight. Beginning 2 wk later, they were placed either on normal diet or diet containing 500 ppm of PB or equimolar doses of EPH or EEH for the remaining experimental period. Control groups received an i.p. injection of saline followed by each of the test diets. Animals were sacrificed at either 52 or 78 wk. PB and EPH significantly enhanced the development of hepatocellular foci and
hepatocellular adenomas at 52 wk and
hepatocellular carcinomas at 78 wk in
N-nitrosodiethylamine-initiated rats. Neither the incidence of hepatocellular
neoplasms nor the number and size of hepatocellular foci was significantly increased by EEH. At 78 wk, both PB and EPH enhanced the development of thyroid follicular cell
neoplasms in
N-nitrosodiethylamine-initiated rats while no such enhancement was observed with EEH. Thus, EPH, a long-acting
sedative/
anticonvulsant, like the structurally similar PB, promoted hepatocellular and thyroid follicular cell
carcinogenesis and induced the PB-inducible form(s) of
cytochrome P-450 (P-450b) in rats. In contrast, EEH unlike
barbital failed to promote hepatocellular and thyroid follicular cell
carcinogenesis and also failed to induce PB-inducible form(s) of
cytochrome P-450 in rats.