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Effect of xylazine on heart rate and arterial blood pressure in conscious dogs, as influenced by atropine, 4-aminopyridine, doxapram, and yohimbine.

Abstract
The effects of xylazine on heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (ABP) were studied in 5 conscious male dogs. An IV injection of xylazine (1 mg/kg) caused a decrease in HR, which was accompanied by sinus arrhythmia. Xylazine administration also caused an initial increase in ABP, which was followed by a decrease. Atropine sulfate (0.045 mg/kg, IM) increased both the ABP and HR, but prevented xylazine-induced bradycardia only in 3 of 5 dogs. The other 2 dogs had to be given a supplemental dose of atropine sulfate (0.01 mg/kg, IV) before xylazine-induced bradycardia was antagonized. In addition, atropine sulfate potentiated xylazine-induced hypertension for 60 minutes. Yohimbine, an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor blocking agent, given IV at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg, antagonized hypertension, hypotension, and bradycardia induced by xylazine. In addition, doxapram HCl, given IV at a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg, antagonized bradycardia but potentiated xylazine-induced hypertension, and an IV injection of 4-aminopyridine at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg did not affect the cardiovascular actions of xylazine. It was concluded that atropine sulfate at the IM dosage of 0.045 mg/kg may be insufficient to antagonize xylazine-induced bradycardia but may potentiate xylazine-induced hypertension, and yohimbine may be useful in antagonizing these untoward reactions associated with xylazine administration. Doxapram and 4-aminopyridine were not found to be beneficial.
AuthorsW H Hsu, Z X Lu, F B Hembrough
JournalJournal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (J Am Vet Med Assoc) Vol. 186 Issue 2 Pg. 153-6 (Jan 15 1985) ISSN: 0003-1488 [Print] United States
PMID2857705 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References
  • Aminopyridines
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants
  • Thiazines
  • Xylazine
  • Yohimbine
  • Atropine
  • Doxapram
  • 4-Aminopyridine
Topics
  • 4-Aminopyridine
  • Aminopyridines (pharmacology)
  • Animals
  • Atropine (pharmacology)
  • Blood Pressure (drug effects)
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants (pharmacology)
  • Dogs (physiology)
  • Doxapram (pharmacology)
  • Drug Interactions
  • Heart Rate (drug effects)
  • Male
  • Thiazines (pharmacology)
  • Xylazine (pharmacology)
  • Yohimbine (pharmacology)

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