Acute toxicity profile of craniospinal irradiation with intensity-modulated radiation therapy in children with medulloblastoma: A prospective analysis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

To report on the acute toxicity in children with medulloblastoma undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with daily intrafractionally modulated junctions.

METHODS:

Newly diagnosed patients, aged 3-21, with standard-risk (SR) or high-risk (HR) medulloblastoma were eligible. A dose of 23.4 or 36.0 Gy in daily fractions of 1.8 Gy was prescribed to the craniospinal axis, followed by a boost to the primary tumor bed (54 or 55.8 Gy) and metastases (39.6-55.8 Gy), when indicated. Weekly, an intravenous bolus of vincristine was combined for patients with SR medulloblastoma and patients participating in the COG-ACNS-0332 study. Common toxicity criteria (CTC, version 2.0) focusing on skin, alopecia, voice changes, conjunctivitis, anorexia, dysphagia, gastro-intestinal symptoms, headache, fatigue and hematological changes were scored weekly during radiotherapy.

RESULTS:

From 2010 to 2014, data from 15 consecutive patients (SR, n = 7; HR, n = 8) were collected. Within 72 h from onset of treatment, vomiting (66 %) and headache (46 %) occurred. During week 3 of treatment, a peak incidence in constipation (33 %) and abdominal pain/cramping (40 %) was observed, but only in the subgroup of patients (n = 9) receiving vincristine (constipation: 56 vs 0 %, P = .04; pain/cramping: 67 vs 0 %, P = .03). At week 6, 73 % of the patients developed faint erythema of the cranial skin with dry desquamation (40 %) or moist desquamation confined to the skin folds of the auricle (33 %). No reaction of the skin overlying the spinal target volume was observed.

CONCLUSIONS:

Headache at onset and gastro-intestinal toxicity, especially in patients receiving weekly vincristine, were the major complaints of patients with medulloblastoma undergoing craniospinal irradiation with IMRT.

• Authors: Maurice C Cox, Johannes M Kusters, Corrie E Gidding, Jolanda H Schieving, Erik J van Lindert, Johannes H Kaanders, Geert O Janssens
• Journal: Radiation oncology (London, England) (Radiat Oncol) Vol. 10 Pg. 241 (Nov 24 2015) ISSN: 1748-717X [Electronic] England
• PMID: 26597178 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
• Vincristine

Topics

• Adolescent
• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Cerebellar Neoplasms (radiotherapy)
• Chemoradiotherapy (adverse effects, methods)
• Child
• Child, Preschool
• Craniospinal Irradiation (adverse effects)
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Medulloblastoma (radiotherapy)
• Prospective Studies
• Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated (methods)
• Vincristine (administration & dosage, adverse effects)
• Young Adult