Glycosylation-Based Serum Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnostics and Prognostics.

Abstract

Cancer is the second most common cause of death in developed countries with approximately 14 million newly diagnosed individuals and over 6 million cancer-related deaths in 2012. Many cancers are discovered at a more advanced stage but better survival rates are correlated with earlier detection. Current clinically approved cancer biomarkers are most effective when applied to patients with widespread cancer. Single biomarkers with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity have not been identified for the most common cancers and some biomarkers are ineffective for the detection of early stage cancers. Thus, novel biomarkers with better diagnostic and prognostic performance are required. Aberrant protein glycosylation is well known hallmark of cancer and represents a promising source of potential biomarkers. Glycoproteins enter circulation from tissues or blood cells through active secretion or leakage and patient serum is an attractive option as a source for biomarkers from a clinical and diagnostic perspective. A plethora of technical approaches have been developed to address the challenges of glycosylation structure detection and determination. This review summarises currently utilised glycoprotein biomarkers and novel glycosylation-based biomarkers from the serum glycoproteome under investigation as cancer diagnostics and for monitoring and prognostics and includes details of recent high throughput and other emerging glycoanalytical techniques.

• Authors: Alan Kirwan, Marta Utratna, Michael E O'Dwyer, Lokesh Joshi, Michelle Kilcoyne
• Journal: BioMed research international (Biomed Res Int) Vol. 2015 Pg. 490531 ( 2015) ISSN: 2314-6141 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 26509158 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)

Chemical References

• AFP protein, human
• Adipokines
• Biomarkers, Tumor
• CA-125 Antigen
• CA-19-9 Antigen
• CHI3L1 protein, human
• Carcinoembryonic Antigen
• Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1
• Chorionic Gonadotropin
• Glycoproteins
• HP protein, human
• Haptoglobins
• Lectins
• MUC1 protein, human
• MUC16 protein, human
• Membrane Proteins
• Mucin-1
• Proteins
• Proteome
• SERPINA1 protein, human
• WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain Protein 2
• WFDC2 protein, human
• alpha 1-Antitrypsin
• alpha-Fetoproteins
• Thyroglobulin
• ERBB2 protein, human
• Receptor, ErbB-2
• KLK3 protein, human
• Kallikreins
• Prostate-Specific Antigen

Topics

• Adipokines (blood)
• Biomarkers, Tumor (blood)
• CA-125 Antigen (blood)
• CA-19-9 Antigen (blood)
• Carcinoembryonic Antigen (blood)
• Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1
• Chorionic Gonadotropin (blood)
• Early Detection of Cancer (methods)
• Global Health
• Glycoproteins (chemistry)
• Glycosylation
• Haptoglobins (chemistry)
• Humans
• Kallikreins (blood)
• Lectins (blood)
• Membrane Proteins (blood)
• Mucin-1 (blood)
• Neoplasms (blood, diagnosis)
• Prognosis
• Prostate-Specific Antigen (blood)
• Proteins (chemistry)
• Proteome
• Receptor, ErbB-2 (blood)
• Thyroglobulin (blood)
• WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain Protein 2
• alpha 1-Antitrypsin (blood)
• alpha-Fetoproteins (chemistry)