Abstract | INTRODUCTION: AREAS COVERED: This article reviews the current role of PDE4I in COPD treatment emphasizing roflumilast's clinical efficacy and adverse effects. This article also reviews developing PDE4Is in early clinical trials and in preclinical studies. EXPERT OPINION: After decades of research in drug development, PDE4Is are a welcomed addition to the COPD therapeutic armamentarium. In its current clinical role, the salubrious clinical effects of PDE4I in reducing exacerbations and stabilizing the frequent exacerbator phenotype have to be cautiously balanced with numerous adverse effects. Developing drugs may provide similar or better clinical benefits while minimizing adverse effects by changing the mode of drug delivery to inhaled formulations, combining dual PDE isoenzyme inhibitors (PDE1/4I and PDE3/4I) and by forming hybrid molecules with other bronchodilators ( muscarinic receptor antagonist/PDE4I and β2-agonist/PDE4I).
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Authors | Aaron M Mulhall, Christopher A Droege, Neil E Ernst, Ralph J Panos, Muhammad A Zafar |
Journal | Expert opinion on investigational drugs
(Expert Opin Investig Drugs)
Vol. 24
Issue 12
Pg. 1597-611
( 2015)
ISSN: 1744-7658 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 26419847
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
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Chemical References |
- Aminopyridines
- Benzamides
- Bronchodilator Agents
- Cyclopropanes
- Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors
- Roflumilast
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Topics |
- Aminopyridines
(adverse effects, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
- Animals
- Benzamides
(adverse effects, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
- Bronchodilator Agents
(therapeutic use)
- Cyclopropanes
(adverse effects, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Drug Design
- Humans
- Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors
(adverse effects, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
(drug therapy, physiopathology)
- Respiratory Function Tests
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