A Meta-Analysis of Palonosetron for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Adults.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness and adverse effects of palonosetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).

DESIGN:

A meta-analysis using a systematic search strategy was performed.

METHODS:

A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials was performed to compare palonosetron with first-generation 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist (5-HT3RA) or placebo to prevent PONV. Fixed or random effect models were used to combine homogenous data.

FINDINGS:

A total of 10 randomized controlled clinical trials including 1,827 patients were identified. The data showed statistically significant differences in favor of palonosetron (0.075 mg) in the prevention of acute PONV (P < .00001) and delayed PONV (P < .002), reducing the risk of PONV by 49% and 51%, respectively. Subgroup analyses indicated significant differences in favor of palonosetron compared with placebo (P < .00001) or first-generation 5-HT3RA (P = .002). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of headache, dizziness, and constipation between palonosetron and control groups (P = .85, P = .22, and P = .30, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of this meta-analysis suggest that intravenous palonosetron could become a prophylactic antiemetic 5-HT3RA in the prevention of PONV compared with first-generation 5-HT3RAs or placebo. No increased risk of side effects with palonosetron were found.

• Authors: Ying Li, Xi Wei, Sheng Zhang, Likun Zhou, Jin Zhang
• Journal: Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses (J Perianesth Nurs) Vol. 30 Issue 5 Pg. 398-405 (Oct 2015) ISSN: 1532-8473 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 26408514 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2015 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Antiemetics
• Isoquinolines
• Placebos
• Quinuclidines
• Palonosetron

Topics

• Adult
• Antiemetics (therapeutic use)
• Humans
• Isoquinolines (therapeutic use)
• Middle Aged
• Palonosetron
• Placebos
• Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (prevention & control)
• Quinuclidines (therapeutic use)