Abstract | BACKGROUND: Evidence from longitudinal studies on the influence of neighbourhood socioeconomic factors in older age on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is limited. We aimed to investigate the prospective association of neighbourhood-level deprivation in later life with CVD mortality, and assess the underlying role of established cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: A socially representative cohort of 3924 men, aged 60-79 years in 1998-2000, from 24 British towns, was followed up until 2012 for CVD mortality. Quintiles of the national Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), a composite score of neighbourhood-level factors (including income, employment, education, housing and living environment) were used. Multilevel logistic regression with discrete-time models (stratifying follow-up time into months) were used. RESULTS: Over 12 years, 1545 deaths occurred, including 580 from CVD. The risk of CVD mortality showed a graded increase from IMD quintile 1 (least deprived) to 5 (most deprived). Compared to quintile 1, the age-adjusted odds of CVD mortality in quintile 5 were 1.71 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.21), and 1.62 (95% CI 1.23 to 2.13) on further adjustment for individual social class, which was attenuated slightly to 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.89), but remained statistically significant after adjustment for smoking, body mass index, physical activity and use of alcohol. Further adjustment for blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and prevalent diabetes made little difference. CONCLUSIONS: Neighbourhood-level deprivation was associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality in older people independent of individual-level social class and cardiovascular risk factors. The role of other specific neighbourhood-level factors merits further research.
|
Authors | S E Ramsay, R W Morris, P H Whincup, S V Subramanian, A O Papacosta, Lucy T Lennon, S G Wannamethee |
Journal | Journal of epidemiology and community health
(J Epidemiol Community Health)
Vol. 69
Issue 12
Pg. 1224-31
(Dec 2015)
ISSN: 1470-2738 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 26285580
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
|
Copyright | Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/ |
Topics |
- Aged
- Cardiovascular Diseases
(economics, mortality)
- Cause of Death
- Employment
(classification, economics)
- Humans
- Logistic Models
- Longitudinal Studies
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multilevel Analysis
- Poverty Areas
- Prospective Studies
- Residence Characteristics
(classification)
- Risk Factors
- Social Class
- United Kingdom
(epidemiology)
|