Schistosomiasis, caused by three principal species of diecious trematodes (flatworms), currently afflicts over 250 million individuals, results in an estimated 2-15% chronic disability, and contributes to poor health and economic stagnation in endemic areas. Although
schistosomiasis is effectively treated with
praziquantel, rapid
reinfection with rebound morbidity precludes effective control based on
chemotherapy alone and justifies current efforts to develop
vaccines for these parasites.
Paramyosin (Pmy), an invertebrate muscle-associated
protein, has emerged as a promising
vaccine candidate for both Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum. Herein, we discuss the discovery of Pmy, its development as a
vaccine candidate in rodents and bovines, as well as studies of naturally occurring immune responses to Pmy in prospective, observational human studies. We conclude with a proposed developmental plan to move Pmy toward Phase I clinical trials.