Abstract | BACKGROUND: Evidence relating heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCA), associated with high-temperature cooking methods, to prostate cancer risk is inconsistent. METHODS: In a large U.S. cohort study, intakes of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5- b]pyridine ( PhIP), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx), and 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (DiMeIQx) and a meat-derived mutagenicity (MDM) index were assessed using a cooking method questionnaire administered in 1996. Until 2010, 2,770 prostate cancer cases were observed among 26,030 participants. RESULTS: Intake of PhIP from red meat was statistically significantly associated with total prostate cancer risk (top vs. bottom quintile HR, 1.18; 95% confidence intervals; CI, 1.03-1.35), but not other HCAs (MeIQx, 1.12; 0.98-1.27, PhIP from white meat, 1.08; 0.95-1.22, DiMeIQx, 1.09; 0.97-1.21) or MDM (1.13; 1.00-1.28). For high-grade (Gleason sum 7 with pattern 4+3 and Gleason sum 8-10, n = 483 cases) and advanced cancers (n = 281), we only observed positive associations for PhIP from red meat (top vs. bottom quintile: high grade: HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.04-1.98, Ptrend = 0.03; advanced: HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.99-2.26; Ptrend = 0.12), but associations for advanced cancers did not reach statistical significance. Observed associations remained similar after adjustment for total, unprocessed, or processed red meat intake. CONCLUSION: Observed positive associations between PhIP intake from red meat and prostate cancer, particularly high-grade and possibly also advanced prostate cancer, need to be confirmed in other studies. IMPACT: Results do not provide strong evidence that HCAs increase risk of prostate cancers.
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Authors | Sabine Rohrmann, Katharina Nimptsch, Rashmi Sinha, Walter C Willett, Edward L Giovannucci, Elizabeth A Platz, Kana Wu |
Journal | Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
(Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev)
Vol. 24
Issue 10
Pg. 1557-63
(Oct 2015)
ISSN: 1538-7755 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 26224797
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
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Copyright | ©2015 American Association for Cancer Research. |
Chemical References |
- 2-amino-1-methylbenzimidazole
- Benzimidazoles
- Imidazoles
- Mutagens
- Quinoxalines
- 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine
- 3,4,8-trimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxalin-2-amine
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Topics |
- Adult
- Aged
- Benzimidazoles
(adverse effects)
- Cooking
- Feeding Behavior
- Follow-Up Studies
- Health Personnel
(statistics & numerical data)
- Humans
- Imidazoles
(adverse effects)
- Incidence
- Male
- Meat
(analysis)
- Middle Aged
- Mutagens
(adverse effects, chemistry)
- Prostatic Neoplasms
(epidemiology, etiology)
- Quinoxalines
(adverse effects)
- Reproducibility of Results
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Assessment
(methods)
- Risk Factors
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- United States
(epidemiology)
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