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Prevalence and diversity of avian malaria parasites in migratory Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger, Laridae, Charadriiformes) from the Brazilian Amazon Basin.

Abstract
The Medium Solimões River region in the Brazilian Amazon Basin is an area utilized for reproduction and nesting by a variety of species of migratory aquatic birds such as Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger). These migratory birds form mixed-species reproductive colonies with high population densities and exhibit a large range of migration routes. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and diversity of the avian malaria parasites Plasmodium and Haemoproteus in Black Skimmers, on the basis of the association between microscopic observation of blood smears and amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (mtDNA cyt-b). The overall prevalence rates of the parasites for juvenile and adult bird specimens were 16% (5/31) and 22% (15/68), respectively. Sequencing the mtDNA cyt-b marker revealed two Plasmodium lineages, which had been previously described in different regions of the American continent, including a Neotropical region in Southeast Brazil, and one Haemoproteus lineage. The fact that avian malarial parasites have been found infecting the Black Skimmers in the Brazilian Amazon ecosystem, which exhibits considerable diversity, highlights the importance of these migratory birds as a potential source of infection and dispersion of pathogens to other susceptible birds of the Nearctic and Neotropical regions.
AuthorsF L Roos, N O Belo, P Silveira, E M Braga
JournalParasitology research (Parasitol Res) Vol. 114 Issue 10 Pg. 3903-11 (Oct 2015) ISSN: 1432-1955 [Electronic] Germany
PMID26193823 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Topics
  • Animals
  • Brazil (epidemiology)
  • Charadriiformes (parasitology)
  • Ecosystem
  • Haemosporida (classification, genetics, isolation & purification)
  • Malaria, Avian (epidemiology, parasitology)
  • Plasmodium (classification, genetics, isolation & purification)
  • Prevalence
  • Protozoan Infections, Animal (epidemiology, parasitology)

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