Protocols and Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients: The United States Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group Critical Illness Outcomes Study.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

Clinical protocols may decrease unnecessary variation in care and improve compliance with desirable therapies. We evaluated whether highly protocolized ICUs have superior patient outcomes compared with less highly protocolized ICUs.

DESIGN:

Observational study in which participating ICUs completed a general assessment and enrolled new patients 1 day each week.

PATIENTS:

A total of 6,179 critically ill patients.

SETTING:

Fifty-nine ICUs in the United States Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group Critical Illness Outcomes Study.

INTERVENTIONS:

None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

The primary exposure was the number of ICU protocols; the primary outcome was hospital mortality. A total of 5,809 participants were followed prospectively, and 5,454 patients in 57 ICUs had complete outcome data. The median number of protocols per ICU was 19 (interquartile range, 15-21.5). In single-variable analyses, there were no differences in ICU and hospital mortality, length of stay, use of mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, or continuous sedation among individuals in ICUs with a high versus low number of protocols. The lack of association was confirmed in adjusted multivariable analysis (p = 0.70). Protocol compliance with two ventilator management protocols was moderate and did not differ between ICUs with high versus low numbers of protocols for lung protective ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (47% vs 52%; p = 0.28) and for spontaneous breathing trials (55% vs 51%; p = 0.27).

CONCLUSIONS:

Clinical protocols are highly prevalent in U.S. ICUs. The presence of a greater number of protocols was not associated with protocol compliance or patient mortality.

• Authors: Jonathan E Sevransky, William Checkley, Phabiola Herrera, Brian W Pickering, Juliana Barr, Samuel M Brown, Steven Y Chang, David Chong, David Kaufman, Richard D Fremont, Timothy D Girard, Jeffrey Hoag, Steven B Johnson, Mehta P Kerlin, Janice Liebler, James O'Brien, Terence O'Keefe, Pauline K Park, Stephen M Pastores, Namrata Patil, Anthony P Pietropaoli, Maryann Putman, Todd W Rice, Leo Rotello, Jonathan Siner, Sahul Sajid, David J Murphy, Greg S Martin, United States Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group-Critical Illness Outcomes Study Investigators
• Journal: Critical care medicine (Crit Care Med) Vol. 43 Issue 10 Pg. 2076-84 (Oct 2015) ISSN: 1530-0293 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 26110488 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Observational Study, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)

Topics

• Clinical Protocols
• Critical Care (standards)
• Critical Illness (mortality, therapy)
• Female
• Hospital Mortality
• Humans
• Intensive Care Units
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Patient Outcome Assessment
• Prospective Studies
• United States