Abstract |
The present study was designed to assess the potential of supplementation of diet with Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum, L.) oil (FXO), on obesity-related inflammation and reversal of obesity-induced insulin resistance. Swiss Albino mice, C57bl/6 mice and co-culture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes - RAW 264.7 macrophages to mimick obese adipose tissue environment were used for the study. Oral gavage of FXO at concentrations of 4, 8 or 16 mg/kg body weight (bwt) for 4 weeks or high-fat diet (HFD, 60% energy as fat) supplemented with dietary FXO (4, 8 or 16 mg/kg bwt) was given to the mice. FXO was characterised using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. FXO supplemented HFD-fed mice (4 mg/kg bwt exhibited reduced adiposity index, serum glucose levels and triglycerides (8 and 16 mg/kg bwt) and improvement in insulin sensitisation (4, 8 and 16 mg/kg bwt) when compared with HFD mice. The co-culture showed a dose-dependent shift in cytokines towards anti-inflammatory (IL-4) state, with a decrease in pro-inflammatory TNF-α (p < 0.05). For immunomodulatory studies a dose-dependent increase (p < 0.05) was observed in antigen-specific levels of Th2 (IL-4) cytokine, serum anti-ova IgG1 and IgE levels. Suppression in anti-ova IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 and antigen-specific Th1 cytokines like TNF-α and IFN-γ significantly (p < 0.05) was observed at 16 mg/kg bwt dosage. The results indicate that FXO exhibits an anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory potential and may partially relieve symptoms of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
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Authors | Samina Bashir, Shakir Ali, Farah Khan |
Journal | Immunological investigations
(Immunol Invest)
Vol. 44
Issue 5
Pg. 451-69
( 2015)
ISSN: 1532-4311 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 26107745
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Cytokines
- Immunoglobulin G
- Immunologic Factors
- Lipids
- Immunoglobulin E
- Linseed Oil
- Ovalbumin
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Topics |
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adiposity
(drug effects)
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
(administration & dosage, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytokines
(metabolism)
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed
(etiology, immunology, prevention & control)
- Immunoglobulin E
(immunology)
- Immunoglobulin G
(immunology)
- Immunologic Factors
(administration & dosage, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
- Insulin Resistance
- Linseed Oil
(administration & dosage, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
- Lipids
(blood)
- Liver
(drug effects, pathology)
- Lymphocyte Activation
(drug effects)
- Lymphoid Tissue
(drug effects, pathology)
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity
(physiopathology)
- Ovalbumin
(immunology)
- Phytotherapy
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Th1 Cells
(drug effects, metabolism)
- Th2 Cells
(drug effects, metabolism)
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