Lipoic acid and N-acetylcysteine prevent ammonia-induced inflammatory response in C6 astroglial cells: The putative role of ERK and HO1 signaling pathways.

Abstract	Hyperammonemia induces significant changes in the central nervous system (CNS) in direct association with astroglial functions, such as oxidative damage, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, and impaired glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Classically, lipoic acid (LA) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by increasing glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and decreasing pro-inflammatory mediator levels in glial cells. Thus, we evaluated the protective effects of LA and NAC against ammonia cytotoxicity in C6 astroglial cells. Ammonia decreased GSH levels and increased cytokine release and NFκB transcriptional activation. LA and NAC prevented these effects by the modulation of ERK and HO1 pathways. Taken together, these observations show that LA and NAC prevent the ammonia-induced inflammatory response.
Authors	Camila Leite Santos, Larissa Daniele Bobermin, Débora Guerini Souza, Bruna Bellaver, Gabriela Bellaver, Bernardo Assein Arús, Diogo Onofre Souza, Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves, André Quincozes-Santos
Journal	Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA (Toxicol In Vitro) Vol. 29 Issue 7 Pg. 1350-7 (Oct 2015) ISSN: 1879-3177 [Electronic] England
PMID	26043815 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Copyright	Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chemical References	Anti-Inflammatory Agents Antioxidants Cytokines Nitrites S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit S100b protein, rat Thioctic Acid Ammonia Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) Hmox1 protein, rat Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases Glutathione Acetylcysteine
Topics	Acetylcysteine (pharmacology) Ammonia (toxicity) Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents (pharmacology) Antioxidants (pharmacology) Astrocytes (drug effects, metabolism) Cell Line Cytokines (metabolism) Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases (metabolism) Glutathione (metabolism) Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) (metabolism) Nitrites (metabolism) Rats S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit (metabolism) Signal Transduction (drug effects) Thioctic Acid (pharmacology)

Join CureHunter, for free Research Interface BASIC access!

Take advantage of free CureHunter research engine access to explore the best drug and treatment options for any disease. Find out why thousands of doctors, pharma researchers and patient activists around the world use CureHunter every day.

Realize the full power of the drug-disease research graph!