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Hemoglobin C Trait Provides Protection From Clinical Falciparum Malaria in Malian Children.

AbstractBACKGROUND:
Hemoglobin C trait, like hemoglobin S trait, protects against severe malaria in children, but it is unclear whether hemoglobin C trait also protects against uncomplicated malaria. We hypothesized that Malian children with hemoglobin C trait would have a lower risk of clinical malaria than children with hemoglobin AA.
METHODS:
Three hundred children aged 0-6 years were enrolled in a cohort study of malaria incidence in Bandiagara, Mali, with continuous passive and monthly active follow-up from June 2009 to June 2010.
RESULTS:
Compared to hemoglobin AA children (n = 242), hemoglobin AC children (n = 39) had a longer time to first clinical malaria episode (hazard ratio [HR], 0.19; P = .001; 364 median malaria-free days vs 181 days), fewer episodes of clinical malaria, and a lower cumulative parasite burden. Similarly, hemoglobin AS children (n = 14) had a longer time to first clinical malaria episode than hemoglobin AA children (HR, 0.15; P = .015; 364 median malaria-free days vs 181 days), but experienced the most asymptomatic malaria infections of any group.
CONCLUSIONS:
Both hemoglobin C and S traits exerted a protective effect against clinical malaria episodes, but appeared to do so by mechanisms that differentially affect the response to infecting malaria parasites.
AuthorsMark A Travassos, Drissa Coulibaly, Matthew B Laurens, Ahmadou Dembélé, Youssouf Tolo, Abdoulaye K Koné, Karim Traoré, Amadou Niangaly, Aldiouma Guindo, Yukun Wu, Andrea A Berry, Christopher G Jacob, Shannon Takala-Harrison, Matthew Adams, Biraj Shrestha, Amy Z Mu, Bourema Kouriba, Kirsten E Lyke, Dapa A Diallo, Ogobara K Doumbo, Christopher V Plowe, Mahamadou A Thera
JournalThe Journal of infectious diseases (J Infect Dis) Vol. 212 Issue 11 Pg. 1778-86 (Dec 01 2015) ISSN: 1537-6613 [Electronic] United States
PMID26019283 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Copyright© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
Chemical References
  • Hemoglobin, Sickle
  • Hemoglobin C
Topics
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease (epidemiology, genetics)
  • Hemoglobin C (genetics)
  • Hemoglobin, Sickle (genetics)
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Malaria, Falciparum (epidemiology, genetics)
  • Male
  • Mali (epidemiology)

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