Drug-eluting stents (DES) have become more widely used by cardiologists than bare
metal stents (BMS) because of their better ability to control restenosis. However, recognized negative events, particularly including delayed or incomplete endothelialization and late
stent thrombosis, have caused concerns over the long-term safety of DES. Although
stent-based
drug delivery can facilitate a
drug's release directly to the restenosis site, a burst of drug release can seriously affect the pharmacological action and is a major factor accounting for adverse effects. Therefore, the drug release rate has become an important criterion in evaluating DES. The factors affecting the drug release rate include the
drug carrier,
drug, coating methods,
drug storage, elution direction, coating thickness, pore size in the coating, release conditions (release medium, pH value, temperature), and hemodynamics after the
stent implantation. A better understanding of how these factors influence drug release is particularly important for the reasonable use of efficient control strategies for drug release. This review summarizes the factors influencing the drug release from DES and presents strategies for enhancing the control of the
drug's release, including the
stent design, the application of absorbable
stents, the development of new
polymers, and the application of nanocarriers and improvements in the coating technology. Therefore, this paper provides a reference for the preparation of novel controlled slow-release DES.