Phosphorylation of Nonmuscle myosin II-A regulatory light chain resists Sendai virus fusion with host cells.

Abstract	Enveloped viruses enter host cells through membrane fusion and the cells in turn alter their shape to accommodate components of the virus. However, the role of nonmuscle myosin II of the actomyosin complex of host cells in membrane fusion is yet to be understood. Herein, we show that both (-) blebbistatin, a specific inhibitor of nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) and small interfering RNA markedly augment fusion of Sendai virus (SeV), with chinese hamster ovary cells and human hepatocarcinoma cells. Inhibition of RLC phosphorylation using inhibitors against ROCK, but not PKC and MRCK, or overexpression of phospho-dead mutant of RLC enhances membrane fusion. SeV infection increases cellular stiffness and myosin light chain phosphorylation at two hour post infection. Taken together, the present investigation strongly indicates that Rho-ROCK-NMII contractility signaling pathway may provide a physical barrier to host cells against viral fusion.
Authors	Provas Das, Shekhar Saha, Sunandini Chandra, Alakesh Das, Sumit K Dey, Mahua R Das, Shamik Sen, Debi P Sarkar, Siddhartha S Jana
Journal	Scientific reports (Sci Rep) Vol. 5 Pg. 10395 (May 20 2015) ISSN: 2045-2322 [Electronic] England
PMID	25993465 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings Myosin Light Chains RNA, Small Interfering blebbistatin rho-Associated Kinases Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB
Topics	Amino Acid Sequence Animals CHO Cells Cell Line, Tumor Cricetinae Cricetulus Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings (pharmacology) Humans Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Fluorescence Mutagenesis Myosin Light Chains (genetics, metabolism) Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA (antagonists & inhibitors, genetics, metabolism) Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB (metabolism) Phosphorylation (drug effects) RNA Interference RNA, Small Interfering (metabolism) Sendai virus (physiology) Sequence Alignment Virus Internalization (drug effects) Virus Release (drug effects) rho-Associated Kinases (metabolism)

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